Civil cases involve private disputes between individuals or organizations, typically over rights, contracts, or property. Criminal cases are prosecuted by the State and involve actions considered offenses under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), such as theft, assault, or fraud.

Anticipatory bail is a legal remedy available under Section 438 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), allowing a person to seek protection from arrest in anticipation of being accused of a non-bailable offense. It must be filed before arrest.

Typical stages include:

• Filing of plaint

• Issue of summons

• Filing of written statement

• Framing of issues

• Evidence and cross-examination

• Final arguments

• Judgment

Each stage has its own procedural and time-based requirements under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC).

A divorce can be filed either through mutual consent (both parties agree) or contested (one party seeks divorce). Jurisdiction lies with the Family Court where the couple last resided together or where the respondent resides. Various personal laws govern the grounds for divorce depending on the religion of the parties.

A legal notice is a formal written communication sent by an individual or their lawyer, informing the other party of a legal grievance and intention to initiate legal action if the issue is not resolved amicably. It is often used in civil, property, and consumer disputes.

Under Article 22 of the Constitution and CrPC provisions, an arrested person has the right to:

• Be informed of the reason for arrest

• Be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours

• Consult a legal practitioner of their choice

• Remain silent (right against self-incrimination)

In the absence of a will, property is distributed as per the rules of intestate succession, governed by personal laws such as:

• Hindu Succession Act (for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs)

• Indian Succession Act (for Christians and Parsis)

• Muslim Personal Law (for Muslims)

Key documents typically include:

• Sale deed or title deed

• Identity and address proof of buyer and seller

• PAN card (for transactions over ₹50,000)

• Encumbrance certificate

• Property tax receipts

• Passport-size photographs

State-specific laws and procedures may vary.

Court fees are charges levied on legal petitions to maintain the administration of justice. The amount varies based on the type of case (civil, matrimonial, etc.) and the monetary value involved. Fees are usually paid via judicial stamp papers or through the e-Courts system.

Yes, it is advisable to consult an advocate to understand your legal rights, available remedies, and the procedures involved before initiating any legal action.